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Railroading Milestones

Since the chartering of the country's first railroad in 1827, the industry has transformed American society, culture, and the economy.

Timeline of Milestones

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1827

America’s First Common-Carrier Railroad is Founded in Baltimore: First Steps

The nation’s first common carrier-railroad, the Baltimore and Ohio, is chartered by Baltimore merchants to carry goods from the Baltimore Harbor to the Ohio River. 

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1838

Frederick Douglas Rides Away from Slavery: Freedom Seekers

Some African Americans on the Underground Railroad find freedom by riding trains or by following the tracks North. 

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1838

Trains Join the Postal Service: Mail by Rail

By an Act of Congress, all railroads are designated postal routes. Railroad post offices carry mail across the United States. 

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1844

Telecommunications Tech Emerges on the Railroad: First Telegram

The world’s first telegram is sent by Morse from the Capitol Building in DC to B&O Railroad’s Mt Clare Station in Baltimore, MD. 

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1848

Ellen and William Craft Escape Slavery on the B&O Railroad: Freedom Seekers

Some African Americans on the Underground Railroad find freedom by riding trains or by following the tracks North.  

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1849

Trauma Medicine is Invented on the Railroad: Railroad Surgery

The first railroad surgeons pioneered the treatment of catastrophic injuries in the field of medicine. In the 1900s, those same doctors establish the field of trauma medicine. 

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1851

Railroads Transform the American Diet: Refrigeration

Refrigerated rail cars carry perishable produce over great distances. Tropical bananas, for example, become common. 

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1853

Chicago and New York are Connected by Rail: Midwest Boom

Railroads offer connecting passenger and freight services between the East Coast and the American interior. 

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1861

Trains Enter Military Service: The Civil War

For the first time in world history, warring armies rely on the railroad to carry troops and supplies to the front lines. 

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1867

The Railroad Offers New Opportunities for African Americans: Pullman Company

The Black Middle Class expands as emancipated African Americans are hired as Pullman Porters after the Civil War. 

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1869

America is Connected by the Transcontinental Railroad: Golden Spike

The nation is united by rail with 1,912 miles of continuous track offering the first coast-to-coast service. 

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1893

Railroad Employees Unionize: American Labor

The American Railway Union is the first labor organization for all railroad employees and has a great impact on labor rights. 

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1895

The Howard Street Tunnel is Electrified: Clean Energy

The B&O’s Howard Street Tunnel in Baltimore, MD, becomes the first electric-powered mainline track in the world. 

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1917

The Government Takes Control of the Railroad: World War I

For rapid troop and supply movement, railroads are nationalized and controlled by the US Railroad Administration for WWI. 

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1918

Railroad Time Zones are Embraced by the Nation: Standard Time

Following an Act of Congress, Railroad Standard Time is adopted across the US to form the time zones we know today. 

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1925

Better Engines Transform the Rail Industry: Diesel-Electric

The CNJ No. 1000 is the world’s first commercially available diesel-electric locomotive. The shift away from steam begins. 

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1925

A. Philip Randolph Founds the 1st Black Labor Union: Civil Rights

The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters is the first African American labor organization to receive a charter from the AFL. 

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1927

America Celebrates a Century of Rail: 100 years!

Over 1 million Americans travel to Halethorpe, MD, for the Fair of the Iron Horse. The 2nd century of American rail begins. 

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1941

Women Save the Railroad Industry: World War II

As male railroaders are called to fight overseas, women fill in as engine scrubbers, track maintenance workers, and more. 

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1941

Union Pacific Unveils the World’s Largest Locomotive: The Big Boy

Measuring a whopping 133′ and weighing 1.2 million lbs, the Union Pacific “Big Boy” becomes the largest steam engine in history. 

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1953

Last American Steam Engine is Built: End of an Era

At a time of dieselization, the N&W No. 244 is the last steam engine produced for a Class 1 railroad in the United States. 

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1971

US Government Intervenes to Maintain Passenger Rail: Amtrak Founded

As planes and cars take business away from private railroads, the public Amtrak company takes control of passenger services. 

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1974

The Nation’s First Railroad Technical Training Center is Open: Future Railroaders

Since opening in the early 1970s, Norfolk Southern Training Center (NSTC) has been considered the “front door” for people entering the railroad industry.  

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1980

Amtrak Merges Air, Rail, and Ground Transportation: BWI Rail Station

Amtrak’s BWI Rail Station services trains, planes, and buses. It is the nation’s first intercity depot to connect all three forms of transportation.  

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1986

Congress Passes the Conrail Privatization Act: Railroad Stock Boom

The government sells its 85% stake in Conrail to private investors. At the time, it is the largest initial public offering (IPO) in American history.  

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2000

High-Speed Rail Comes to America: The Acela Express

Amtrak opens the Acela Express passenger train. Reaching top speeds of around 150 mph, it is the first high-speed passenger service in the United States. 

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2003

Hybrid Electric Engines Enter the US: Green Goat

Union Pacific Railway successfully tests Railpower Technologies’ “Green Goat” engine. It is the time a first hybrid locomotive is used in America.  

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2008

US Embraces 20th Century Safety Standards: Rail Safety Improvement Act

Congress directs the FRA to improve safety regulations throughout the American railroad. Railroad accidents decline as more funding is given to safety programs.  

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2018

The First Private High-Speed Railroad Opens in the United States: Brightline

The high-speed Brightline train currently runs between Miami and Orlando, FL. With top speeds of around 125 mph, it is one of the fastest trains in the country. 

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2021

Kathryn Farmer is the First Woman to Helm a Class 1 Railroad: Female Leaders

As CEO of the Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway, Katheryn Farmers sets a new precedent for women in the railroad industry.  

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2022

Joe Hinrichs is the first Class 1 CEO from Outside the Industry: New Perspectives

Joe Hinrichs, after decades in the automotive, manufacturing, and energy sectors, becomes President and CEO of CSX Transportation, one of the nation’s largest railroad companies. 

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2023

CPKC is the First Railroad to Connect All of North America: Globalizing the Railroad

The Canadian Pacific Kansas City railway network spans the United States, Canada, and Mexico to improve trade and commerce between the three nations. 

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2027

America Celebrates Two Centuries of Railroading: 200 years!

Make history and celebrate your way! 

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… Let the country make the railroads and the railroads will make the country.

– Wilbert Awdry, creator of Thomas the Tank Engine™.

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